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The anterior cruciate ligament injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase in young women
Posekaná, Pavlína ; Pešicová, Lucie (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the topic of the anterior cruciate ligament (LCA) injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase of young women with regular sport activity. The general part describes basic knowledge about connective tissue, LCA, issues of LCA injury and related risk situations. Large chapter is dedicated to sex hormones and menstrual and ovarian cycle, which is crucial for understanding the whole topic. The main part is focused on impact of sex hormones and hormonal contraception on connective tissue, but also on muscle and nervous tissues, which might be as well important for LCA injury incidence. Next part of the thesis consists of a questionnaire survey. 52 respondents aged 15-35 with rupture or partial rupture of LCA answered the non-standardized questionnaire compiled specially for this thesis and the results were statistically processed. 14 respondents were using hormonal contraception, remaining 38 had physiological menstrual cycle. Based on the theoretical findings we expected highest incidence of LCA injuries among women without contraception in phases of menstrual cycle with highest levels of oestrogen (10th -15th day). That was confirmed (P-value: 0,0218) as well as overall lower incidence among women using contraception (P-value: 0,0006). Expected higher...
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The influence of oral hormonal contraceptive use on female sexuality: the evolutionary perspective
Klapilová, Kateřina ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
The proposed thesis is comprised of eleven papers connected by the employment of the evolutionary psychological approach in research on various aspects of human sexuality. The aim of the first monothematic part is to demonstrate the evolutionary-psychological approach to one recent phenomenon in female sexuality - the use of oral contraceptives (OC). OC use has been shown to suppress psychological mechanisms that are considered to be adaptive in the fertile period of the natural menstrual cycle. In particular, OC users' ratings of male stimuli that provide the cues of genetic quality and compatibility are lower in comparison with normally cycling women. Moreover, the increase in sexual desire and in the prevalence of proceptive behaviour observed during mid-cycle in normally cycling women is diminished. However, the impact of this phenomenon on mate-choice and relationship dynamics in an ecological context has not been studied. In the first study, we have analyzed the data of Czech women obtained via representative sampling within the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior. Results indicated that normally cycling women had a significantly higher number of one-night stands during the last year in comparison to OC users even when living in a long-term relationship. OC usage was also shown to have...
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The anterior cruciate ligament injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase in young women
Posekaná, Pavlína ; Pešicová, Lucie (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the topic of the anterior cruciate ligament (LCA) injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase of young women with regular sport activity. The general part describes basic knowledge about connective tissue, LCA, issues of LCA injury and related risk situations. Large chapter is dedicated to sex hormones and menstrual and ovarian cycle, which is crucial for understanding the whole topic. The main part is focused on impact of sex hormones and hormonal contraception on connective tissue, but also on muscle and nervous tissues, which might be as well important for LCA injury incidence. Next part of the thesis consists of a questionnaire survey. 52 respondents aged 15-35 with rupture or partial rupture of LCA answered the non-standardized questionnaire compiled specially for this thesis and the results were statistically processed. 14 respondents were using hormonal contraception, remaining 38 had physiological menstrual cycle. Based on the theoretical findings we expected highest incidence of LCA injuries among women without contraception in phases of menstrual cycle with highest levels of oestrogen (10th -15th day). That was confirmed (P-value: 0,0218) as well as overall lower incidence among women using contraception (P-value: 0,0006). Expected higher...
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and epilepsy: mutual relationships
Čuchalová, Marcela ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Science Author: Marcela Čuchalová Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: The hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis and epilepsy: mutual relationships The content of the diploma thesis is an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HHG). Further chapters are devoted to the influence of epilepsy on HHG function, the effect of HHG hormones on epileptic activity itself. The effect of anti-epileptics on HHG functions will also be elucidated. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with separate chapters - catamenial epilepsy and epilepsy during pregnancy. Keywords: antiepileptic drugs, gonadotropin, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, prolactin, sex hormones, temporal lobe epilepsy.
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The influence of oral hormonal contraceptive use on female sexuality: the evolutionary perspective
Klapilová, Kateřina ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
The proposed thesis is comprised of eleven papers connected by the employment of the evolutionary psychological approach in research on various aspects of human sexuality. The aim of the first monothematic part is to demonstrate the evolutionary-psychological approach to one recent phenomenon in female sexuality - the use of oral contraceptives (OC). OC use has been shown to suppress psychological mechanisms that are considered to be adaptive in the fertile period of the natural menstrual cycle. In particular, OC users' ratings of male stimuli that provide the cues of genetic quality and compatibility are lower in comparison with normally cycling women. Moreover, the increase in sexual desire and in the prevalence of proceptive behaviour observed during mid-cycle in normally cycling women is diminished. However, the impact of this phenomenon on mate-choice and relationship dynamics in an ecological context has not been studied. In the first study, we have analyzed the data of Czech women obtained via representative sampling within the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior. Results indicated that normally cycling women had a significantly higher number of one-night stands during the last year in comparison to OC users even when living in a long-term relationship. OC usage was also shown to have...
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Vaginal Cytology in the Bitch
Doudová, Kateřina ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (referee)
Vaginal cytology is microscopic examination method which is used to evaluation phases of oestrus cycle and possibility of result time the best date for successful breeding. Substance of the examination is subjective evaluation of the epithelium and cell morphology. Vaginal cytology is influenced by levels of sexual hormones which are typical for individual phases of oestrus cycle. Regular physiologic changes on internal and external sexual organs happen during oestrus cycle. Canine behaviour, espacially with regard on refusal or accept dogs, is depending on phases of interval. Oestrus is in the bitch usually twice a year, in 5 to 12 month cycles. Oestrus cycle is devided into individual phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and anestrus. In terms of sexual behavior of females the whole estrous cycle can be distinguished into a period of sexual willingness (proestrus, estrus) and the period of sexual reluctance (metestrus, anestrus). Proestrus begins as a regression of the corpus luteum and finishes with onset of estrus. At the end of proestrus LH surge occurs after which further 24 to 48 hours ovulation follows. Proestrus is characterized by progressively increasing size of the vulva, vaginal epithelial proliferation, cornification epithelum of vagina and vulva swelling. For this stage parabasal and intermedial cells, erythrocytes and leukocytes are typical in the cytological smear of vagina.
Estrus is the period of sexual willingness. In this period matured follicle burst and subsequent egg ovulation. In this cytology smear dominating superficial squamous cells are typical for this period. There can observed erytrocytes. In initial period of estrus too large intermediate cells often appear. In the next period, metestrus, the corpus luteum is gradually developing. Cytology smear from vagina is characterized by the presence of large numbers of neutrophils, typical are parabasal and small intermediate cells. In anestrus manifests luteal activity of the corpus luteum. Vaginal cytology is characterized by finding parabasal, small intermediate cells and leukocytes. Vaginal cytology is a simple, quick, noninvasive and inexpensive procedure that allows us to identify the stage of the reproductive cycle of bitches and to diagnose some pathologic conditions of the genital tract (hormonal dysfunctions, inflammatory or neoplastic diseases). More than other domestic animals vaginal cytologic changes are expressed in the bitch which correlate with each phase of the estrous cycle.
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Pseudogravidity in the Female Dog
Rybnikářová, Kateřina ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (referee)
A condition known as false pregnancy or pseudopregnancy characterises a normal course of the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle in non-pregnant bitches with abnormal external signs mimicking pregnancy and parturition. The cause of pseudopregnancy is probably an increased sensitivity of some bitches to normal internal hormonal changes during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle. Above all it is an abnormal reaction of the organism to increased progesterone or prolactin levels. Pathophysiology of emergence of external signs of a pseudopregnancy has not yet been fully clarified. Onset of clinical signs of a pseudopregnancy (especially on mammary glands) is linked to a reduction in progesterone levels and increased prolactin concentration in peripheral blood.
Non-pregnant bitches exhibit variously intense signs of pregnancy and parturition in 2 - 8-week intervals after typical oestrus. The intensity of signs can vary from slight swelling of mammary glands with mild milk secretion to general signs of pregnancy, such as increased appetite, changes in appetite, abdominal volume enlargement, preparation of nests for the young. General signs may culminate in an imitation of parturition. Therapy is not required in cases when the bitch shows less severe signs because a pseudopregnancy is not a real disorder of the reproductive cycle and it by itself does not reduce fertility of the bitch. An appropriate course of treatment for bitches showing a strong secretion of milk from mammary glands should be consulted with a veterinarian and the occurrence of mastitis, inflammation of the uterus and other diseases should be prevented.
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